Metabolism | Gluconeogenesis

📚 Premium Notes & Illustrations for Gluconeogenesis: https://www.ninjanerd.org/lecture/gluconeogenesis-2

Ninja Nerds!
In this metabolism lecture, Professor Zach Murphy breaks down the essential pathway of Gluconeogenesis, the process by which the body generates glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors during fasting, prolonged exercise, or stress. This lecture walks you through how the liver (and to a lesser extent, the kidney) maintains blood glucose levels when dietary glucose and glycogen stores are depleted.

We begin by identifying the primary gluconeogenic substrates—lactate, alanine, and glycerol—and show how they enter the gluconeogenic pathway through key intermediates. You’ll learn how gluconeogenesis bypasses the irreversible steps of glycolysis using specialized enzymes: pyruvate carboxylase, PEP carboxykinase (PEPCK), fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, and glucose-6-phosphatase.

The lecture also highlights the energetic cost of gluconeogenesis and its close integration with β-oxidation, which provides the ATP and NADH required for this anabolic process. We discuss the hormonal regulation of gluconeogenesis—primarily stimulation by glucagon and cortisol, and inhibition by insulin—and explain how the pathway is tightly controlled to prevent futile cycling with glycolysis.

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