Cell Biology | DNA Replication 🧬

📚 Premium Notes & Illustrations for DNA Replication: https://www.ninjanerd.org/lecture/dna-replication

Ninja Nerds!
In this detailed molecular biology lecture, Professor Zach Murphy breaks down the essential process of DNA Replication, guiding you through each step of how cells accurately duplicate their genetic material before division. This lecture is designed to help you master the molecular machinery and regulatory checkpoints that ensure high-fidelity genome replication.

We begin with the initiation of replication at origins of replication, highlighting the unwinding of DNA by helicase, stabilization by single-stranded binding proteins, and the role of topoisomerase in relieving torsional strain. You’ll learn how primase lays down RNA primers and how DNA polymerase synthesizes new strands in a 5’ to 3’ direction, continuously on the leading strand and discontinuously on the lagging strand, forming Okazaki fragments.

The lecture continues with a focus on DNA ligase, which seals nicks between fragments, and the removal of RNA primers by RNase H or DNA polymerase I. We also cover proofreading mechanisms, including exonuclease activity, and how errors in replication can lead to mutations if not corrected.

We wrap up with a discussion of eukaryotic vs prokaryotic replication, key enzymes involved, and how replication timing is coordinated with the cell cycle.

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