Line versus Staff Authority

A second dimension of authority is the distinction between line and staff authority. Line authority is the right to command immediate subordinates in the chain of command. By contrast, staff authority is the right to advise but not command others who are not subordinates in the chain of command. The terms line and staff are also used to describe different functions within the organization.

A line function is an activity that contributes directly to creating or selling the company’s products. So, for example, activities that take place within the manufacturing and marketing departments would be considered line functions.

A staff function, such as accounting, human resources, or legal services, does not contribute directly to creating or selling the company’s products but instead supports line activities. For example, marketing managers might consult with the legal staff to ensure the wording of an advertisement is within the law.