GCSE Chemistry – Covalent Bonding – Formation | Drawing Covalent Bonds (2026/27 exams)

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*** WHAT’S COVERED ***
1. Covalent Bonding Formation
* The sharing of electrons between non-metal atoms.
* Achieving a stable, full outer shell of electrons.
* A brief comparison with ionic bonding.
2. How to Draw Covalent Bonds
* Using dot and cross diagrams to show electron sharing.
* Representing molecules with displayed formula using lines for bonds.
* The use of 3D models to visualise the shape of molecules.
3. Covalent Bonding in Ammonia
* A step-by-step worked example of drawing the covalent bonds in ammonia.
4. Types of Substances with Covalent Bonds
* Simple molecular substances (e.g. chlorine, water, methane).
* Larger structures, including polymers and giant covalent structures (e.g. diamond, graphite).

*** CHAPTERS ***
0:00 Introduction
0:18 Recap of Ionic Bonding
0:53 How Covalent Bonds Form
1:22 Dot and Cross Diagrams
1:45 Displayed Formula
2:25 3D Models
2:37 Example: Covalent Bonding in Ammonia
4:06 Types of Covalent Substances

*** PLAYLISTS ***

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